苏州地区歇山厅堂大木构架演变刍议 #

Simple Discussion on the Evolution of Gable-and-hip Roof Hall’s Wooden Framework in Suzhou Area

摘要:

歇山建筑之研究是建筑史领域的重要内容。江南尤其是苏州地区宋元时期歇山厅堂具有鲜明的地域特征，是我国歇山建筑体系中的重要支系。探究苏州不同时期歇山厅堂构架之构成及发展特征是充分认知这一建筑谱系的必要环节。本文基于前辈学者之研究成果，梳理宋元以来苏州地区歇山厅堂实例，认为厅堂井字型构架与歇山厦两头屋架之一体性配适是其延续千载的基本构架传统，但随着山面梁架省、置不一，导致其分化为繁复的“设山面梁架的、相对均质的厦一架歇山厅堂”和简约的“无山面梁架的、完全均质的厦一间歇山厅堂”构架。整体构架之视角下，山面梁架作为主要线索，体现出在不同时期的不同作用，影响了苏州地区歇山厅堂构架的发展。

Abstract:

Researh on Gable-and-hip roof (xieshan) is a necessary part for architectual history field. The Xieshan Hall in early stage in Jiangnan, especially in Suzhou, has distinct regional characteristics and is an important branch of the Xieshan building system. It is necessary to explore the structure and development characteristics of the Xieshan hall in Suzhou in different periods to fully understand this architectural pedigree. Based on the research results of the senior scholars, this paper summarizes 25 examples of Xiashan halls in Suzhou since Song and Yuan Dynasties, the paper considers that the combination of the Framework formed like the Chinese character "Jing" and "xialiangtou" is a tradition that has been inherited for Over a thousand years. However, due to the Omission or placement of Beame frame on gable, it is polarized into complex "relatively homogeneous and one rafter-length xieshan hall with Beame frame on gable" and simple "completely homogeneous and whole end bay-length xieshan hall without Beame frame on gable". From the perspective of the overall framework, the Beame frame on gable, as the main clue, reflects the different functions in different periods, leading the development of the Xishan Hall framework in Suzhou.