吐鲁番民居屋顶平拱流变初探 #

Study on the Development and Change of Flat Roof and Vault in Turpan Dwellings

摘要:

吐鲁番传统民居中存在两种屋顶结构类型——密梁平顶式与发券拱顶式，对于这二者在该地区出现的前后顺序、时间、与其他地区的渊源关系等问题，一直是历史谜题。基于建筑结构与形式的演变规律对其进行推测，辅以洋海墓地与交河故城的考古发掘，认为该地密梁平顶式民居先于发券拱顶式民居；以对该地遗迹的考古发掘为线索，结合佛教传播等相关史实，提出以技术需求的视角解释西域拱顶的应用历史晚于汉地，并指出拱顶在该地的应用经历了事鬼神与世俗化两个阶段。

Abstract:

There are two types of roof structures in Turpan's traditional dwellings, namely the flat roof type and the vaulted roof type. The sequence,time and origin of these two structures in this area have always been a mystery in history. Based on the evolution law of architectural structure and form,and with the archaeological excavation of Yanghai cemetery and Jiaohe city, it is concluded that the flat-topped dwellings with dense beams were earlier than the vaulted dwellings in this area. Based on the archaeological excavation of the relics in this area and the related historical facts such as the spread of Buddhism, this paper puts forward that the application history of the vault in Xinjiang is later than that in the Han Region from the perspective of technical demand, and points out that the application of the vault in this area has experienced two stages of religionization and secularization.