激活历史密码 再现古都史脉 ——安徽凤阳“明中都”新传统建筑设计记思

Activate the Historical Password，Reproduce the Ancient Capital ——Thoughts On the Design of New Traditional Architectural Design in Fengyang City，Anhui Province

摘要:

在众多历史文化名城中，城市迅猛发展大大促进了新城区的开发。如何在新城建设中延续文脉，塑造有历史底蕴的新建筑？一直是城市建设者思考与探索的问题。本文以安徽凤阳明中都文化旅游中心、非遗展示中心、云霁社区活动中心三组新传统建筑设计实践为例，以三组新建筑的选址与明中都城之三座祭祀祠庙之间的内在联系为契机，探索三者在明中都、清凤阳府、凤阳县的各时期城市形态变迁中的史脉变化，思考在此类独具特色的历史文化名城建设中，应如何溯城脉，塑造融合传统与当下的新城区建设格局；探索应如何理史脉，顺文脉，选择适宜建筑语言，再造融合史脉传承与场所精神的新传统建筑。凤阳县三组新传统建筑的设计实践，就是对激活历史密码，彰显历史城市史脉、城脉、文脉的一次尝试。

Abstract:

Rapid developments among historical and cultural cities in China has greatly promoted the emergence of new urban areas. Architects and city planners have always been wondering and exploring how to preserve original cultural context in the construction of new towns, such as creating new urban areas and new buildings with historical characteristics. This article will be picking on three examples: the culture-oriented travel center of the capital in Ming Dynasty, intangible cultural heritage exhibition center, and Yunji community cultural center in Fengyang Anhui Province. The article will analyze connections in site selections between the three groups of cultural buildings and the three sacrificial temples in Zhongdu Capital of Ming Dynasty: the Imperial Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties, the Temple of the Founding Ministers and the Temple of the Town God of the Zhongdu Capital. The analysis would explore the historical changes of the three ancestral temples in the urban morphology during the capital period of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and modern times. Furthermore, the article would discuss how to trace the city’s spiritual, historical, and cultural context in order to combine traditional essence into the construction of historically and culturally unique urban spaces. The goal is to explore how the new urban area should activate the historical code, select the appropriate architectural language, and innovate the neo-traditional architecture that integrates the heritage of history and the spirit of place. Taking the design practice of three groups of new buildings in Fengyang County as an example, it is an active attempt to highlight the historical, urban and cultural context of the historical city represented by the capital of the Ming Dynasty