江南水乡聚落水体面积对公共空间热舒适感受的影响测度 # ——以同里古镇为例

Impact of the Water Area Changes in Jiangnan Watery Settlement on the Thermal Comfort of Public Space—— A Case Study of Tongli Ancient Town

摘要:

为分析传统水乡聚落中水体形态对公共空间小气候感受的影响，将情景分析与 CFD 数值模拟相结合，重点讨论水体面积变化对热舒适感受的改善作用。以同里古镇的滨水公共空间为研究对象前提，相对现状 100% 水面的基础上，重构无水面、50% 水面的情景，以三种水体设计情景为单变量实验，模拟了三种水系面积情景下初夏昼间 9:30、11:30 和 15:30 三个时间序列的小气候环境和 WBGT 热舒适度分布图解。研究基于风热湿耦合的物理环境仿真和热舒适感受的空间测度，引入热舒适改善效率衡量单位面积水面增量的空间热舒适性，并采用移动窗口法进行了整体和局部的多尺度统计。结果表明，整体上随着水体面积的增加，各时段周边公共空间内热舒适区的面积均随之扩大，水面变化对于空间热舒适性具有正向效应，同时多尺度的综合研究发现各时段水体增加的过程中，0~50% 水面的增量前期阶段相比于 50~100% 后期阶段，热舒适改善效率更高。从而厘清了同里水乡聚落中水体面积增加与滨水公共空间热舒适感受提升之间的作用过程，提出了传统水乡聚落空间的小气候营造智慧，对气候适应性的水系规划及其滨水空间的小气候优化设计提供了策略。

Abstract:

In order to analyze the influence of waterbody shape on the microclimate perception of public space in traditional watery settlements, scenario analysis and CFD numerical simulation were combined to focus on the improvement effect of waterbody area change on thermal comfort perception. Taking the waterfront public space of Tongli Ancient Town as the research object, on the basis of the current 100% water surface, the scenarios of no water and 50% water are reconstructed, and three water body design scenarios are used as univariate experiments to simulate three water system areas. Illustration of the microclimate environment and WBGT thermal comfort distribution in early summer at 9:30, 11:30 and 15:30 were under the scenarios. The physical environment simulation based on wind-heat-humidity coupling and the spatial measurement of thermal comfort are studied, and the thermal comfort improvement efficiency is introduced to measure the spatial thermal comfort of the unit area of water increments, and the overall and partial multi-scale statistics are carried out by using the moving window method. The results show that on the whole, with the increase of the area of the waterbody, the area of the comfortable zone in the surrounding public space at each time period also expands, and the change of water area has a positive effect on the thermal comfort of the space. In the process of 0-50% water area increment in the early stage, the thermal comfort improvement efficiency is higher than that in the 50-100% late stage. In this way, the role process between the increase of water area and the improvement of thermal comfort of waterfront public space in Tongli water village settlements was clarified. Put forward the wisdom of microclimate in traditional watery settlement space and the water system planning for climate adaptability. Provide the guidelines on the microclimate optimization design.