闽南溪底传统匠帮大木作“五针”口诀研究 #

The Study of Wuzhen Formula on Traditional Timber Structure of Traditional Craftsmen in Xidi Village, Southern Fujian Province

摘要:

口诀是民间传统工匠口传手授营造经验的常见方式，是研究传统建筑营造思维的重要途径。文章从闽南溪底传统匠帮记诵的“五针”口诀解读入手，通过现场记录溪底传统大木作的施工过程，结合匠师口述并比对图纸、篙尺研究传统匠帮大木构架榫卯构造。系统梳理口诀中涉及的构件出榫做法，总结其中蕴含的交榫退让原则，进一步探讨营造过程中的构件合并及榫头调整方式，提出匠师口诀是传统营造技艺保护传承的重要载体。

Abstract:

The oral formula is a common way for traditional folk craftsmen to impart their construction skills by Oral and manual teaching, and it is an important way to study the thinking of traditional architectural construction. The article starts with the interpretation of the“Wuzhen”formula memorized by the traditional Xidi craftsmen in southern Fujian, and studies the wood joints of the traditional Chinese timber structure by recording the construction process on site, combining with the craftsmen's oral and comparing between drawings and construction-rulers. The article system sorts out the wood joints methods involved in the formula, summarizes the principles of the wood joints layout, further discusses the wood joints adjustment methods in the technique,and proposes that the master's formula is an important carrier for the protection and inheritance of traditional construction techniques.