皇家相度机构漏刻科初探 ——以清西陵为例

The First Exploration about Royal Xiangdu Institution in LouKeke ——Taking the Western Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty as an Example

摘要:

钦天监在以往被认为是清代皇家天学机构，对其参与皇家营建选址事宜尚无论述。营建首要“相地”，清西陵作为中国明清皇家陵寝中首批入选世界文化遗产名录的单位之一，是“三年寻龙，十年定穴”的典型代表。本文以西陵为例，基于《大清五朝会典》和清代宫廷档案的互相释证，探究钦天监漏刻科在清西陵选址中的具体实践。从皇家机构的视角，弥补对营建中相度环节的忽视，即证明陵寝营建中堪舆文化的存在。为解读文化遗产的历史提供新视角与新思路。

Abstract:

The QinTianjian LouKeke was regarded as an astronomical institution in the past，and its participation in the site selection of the royal construction has not been discussed. The first stage of construction is site selection，as "Chinese Ming and Qing Dynasty Imperial Mausoleums" in the first unit of the World Cultural Heritage List，Qing Western Mausoleum is a typical representative of "three years to find the dragon，ten years to determine the cave".This paper takes the Qing Western Mausoleum as an example，based on the explanation of the Five Dynasties Ordinances of the Qing Dynasty and the Qing dynasty palace archives，to explore the specific practice of QinTianjian LouKeke in the site selection of the Qing Western Mausoleum，so as to prove that the QinTianjian LouKeke is the Qing Dynasty royal location institutions. It’s also make up for the neglect of the Xiangdu phase in the construction from the perspective of the royal organization，so as to prove the existence of Kanyu culture in the construction of the mausoleum. It provides a new perspective and new thinking for the interpretation of the history of cultural heritage.