我国历史建筑保护法制体系解析与思考 # ——基于 10 例典型样本

A Discussion on the Legal System for Safeguarding Historical Architecture in China ——Based on the Study of 10 Samples

摘要:

当前，我国历史建筑保护法制体系已然形成以地方性法规和地方人民政府行政规章为主体的结构形式。在对历史建筑概念内涵辨析和保护沿革梳理的基础上，对现行该类法制文件的时空分布、法阶演变以及内容结构进行了总结；并基于 10 份典型样本，对该类法制文件的管控目标认定、保护方法措施、组织管理架构和保障约束机制的核心内容进行了深度解析。分析发现：在尚无国家层面专项法规情况下，该类保护法规纵横向体系性缺环伏笔执法隐忧；现行认定标准等规定的地区分歧掣肘国家层面的保护整合；而“历史建筑”与“文物建筑”的保护认定和管控追求差异制约我国建成遗产的整体协同。全面依法治国推进背景下，历史建筑保护法制体系亟待完善。

Abstract:

At present，a structural form with local regulations and administrative rules as the main body has been formed for the legal system on the conservation of historical architecture in China. On the basis of differentiating connotation for historical architecture and retracing the evolution of its conservation，the temporal and spatial distribution，legal rank evolution and content structure model of the local regulations are summarized; Based on the study of 10 cases，the key parts of the four modules are analyzed deeply，including the identification of objectives，conservation methods and measures，management and supporting mechanism. The following conclusions are proposed: Under the context of lacking laws and regulations nationally，hidden dangers of law enforcement dispute would be presence for the loss of conservational laws and regulations in the sequence; The coordination and development of historical architecture in national level would be hindered by regional differences such as that in the identification; The integration on built heritage would be hindered by the differences between "historical architecture" and "relics architecture" in qualification and management. In the context of comprehensive promotion of administering a country according to law，the legal system on the conservation of historical architecture needs to be improved urgently.