明代砖砌无梁殿的形制构造研究 #

Research on the Architectural Form and Structural Construction of Brick-vault Hall in the Ming Dynasty

摘要:

明代砖砌无梁殿是中国特有的建筑遗产类型，也是明清皇家建筑中的重要类型之一，因其独特的建筑形式与结构构造而具有重要的艺术、历史和科学价值。本文介绍了明代砖砌无梁殿的源起与发展，以灵谷寺无梁殿、永祚寺无梁殿、开元寺无梁殿和隆昌寺无梁殿这四座典型明代砖砌无梁殿为研究对象，分析了不同时域典型明代砖砌无梁殿的建筑形制与构造特征规律。研究结果表明：早期明代砖砌无梁殿造型简约质朴、庄重雄伟，具有明显的宋代建筑风格，随着年代演进，无梁殿屋顶趋于陡峭，拱券由圆变尖，建筑风格更加精美，复合拱结构科学稳定；明代后期无梁殿建筑具有典型的明清官式木构建筑特征，研究结论可对该类型建筑遗产的加固修缮及其仿古建筑设计提供参考。

Abstract:

The brick-vault halls of the Ming Dynasty are a unique type of architectural heritage in China and one of the important types of royal architecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Due to its unique architectural form and structural construction, The brick-vault hall has important artistic,historical and scientific values. The origin and development of brick-vault halls in the Ming Dynasty were introduced in this paper. Four typical Ming Dynasty brick-vault halls from different eras and regions were researched, and their rules for architectural form and structural construction were analyzed.The research results showed the architecture of brick-vault halls in the early Ming Dynasty is simple and elegant with an obvious architectural style of the Song Dynasty. Evolving over the years, the roof gradually steepens and the arches have changed from round to pointed, Brick-vault halls become more exquisite, and arch coupon composite structure makes them more scientific and stable. In the late Ming Dynasty, the brick-vault halls have the typical characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties’official wooden architecture. The research conclusions can provide a reference for the conservation and antique design of such architectural heritage.