中国古典园林石峰审美特征定量化评价方法研究 ——以豫园玉玲珑为例

Research on the Quantitative Assessment Method of Aesthetic Features of Rockeries in Chinese Classical Gardens: A Case Study of Exquisite Jade Boulder in Yuyuan Garden

摘要:

数字化空间信息技术在风景园林领域的广泛应用迅速提升了假山测绘的水平，为进一步认知其审美特征提供了新的机遇。如何从丰富的三维空间数据中识别假山的内蕴规律并对其定量化表征，是风景园林学科的前沿议题。围绕古典园林石峰这一非线性要素开展定量化评价方法研究，以江南名峰豫园玉玲珑为例，运用激光扫描技术、摄影测量技术、虚拟仿真技术和图像解析技术，对玉玲珑的韵律美、层次美和嵌套美进行定量化分析和表征，运用轮廓叠加图、层次丰度图、孔洞嵌套图等图示方法提取定量化数据，借助轮廓离散度、主线变动区间、灰度值丰富度及分布频率、孔洞嵌套率及内交叠率等因子分析数据规律和特征，建立了审美特征的定量化评价方法和技术路径。成果为传统园林石峰保护以及风景园林非线性要素研究提供了新视角。

Abstract:

The widespread use of digital spatial information technology in landscape architecture has rapidly improved the level of rockery mapping and provided new opportunities for further recognition of its aesthetic features. How to identify and quantitatively characterize the intrinsic rules of rockeries from the rich three-dimensional spatial data is a frontier issue in the discipline of landscape architecture. Taking Exquisite Jade Boulder in Yuyuan Garden, a famous rockery in Jiangnan area, as an example, we use laser scanning technology, photogrammetry technology, virtual simulation technology and image analysis technology to quantitatively analyze and characterize the rhythmic, hierarchical and nested beauty of Exquisite Jade Boulder, and extract quantitative data by using graphical methods such as contour superposition map, hierarchical abundance map and hole nesting map. By analyzing the data rules and characteristics with the help of factors such as contour dispersion, main line change interval, gray value richness and distribution frequency, hole nesting rate and internal overlapping rate, the quantitative evaluation method and technical path of aesthetic characteristics were established. The results provide a new perspective for the conservation of rockeries in Chinese classical gardens and the research of nonlinear elements of landscape gardens.