清乾隆时期圆明园书斋庭院掇山艺术探析

The Art of Shaping Hills in the Study Yard of Yuanmingyuan During the Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty

摘要:

书斋庭院的空间营造，常通过山石、水体、建筑和花木等园林要素的组合实现，以表达静谧、清幽的文化氛围。其中山石作为塑造空间、渲染气氛的重要因素，在书斋庭院中具有不可代替的作用。选取乾隆时期圆明园具有代表性的书斋庭院，通过文献考证和现场调研相结合的方法，参照《圆明园四十景图》《圆明园样式雷图档》等图像资料，结合园址现状，从用料选石、叠掇形式和组景成境三个方面进行研究，探析圆明园书斋庭院掇山艺术，为皇家园林书斋庭院研究和当代体现文化意境特征的园林营建提供参考。

Abstract:

The space construction of the Study Yard is often created through the combination of landscape elements such as rocks, water, buildings and plants to express the quiet and secluded cultural atmosphere. As a factor of space shaping and atmosphere rendering, rocks play an important role in the Study Yard. In this study, we selected the representative Study Yard of the Yuanmingyuan during the Qianlong period. And then based on“40 Scenarios of the Yuanmingyuan”“Manuscripts of Yangshi Lei Family ”and other image materials, we summarized from three aspects: Stone Materials, the Form of Stacking and Landscape Construction through combinating literature research and fieldwork. Finally, we analyzed the art of rockery in the Study Yard of the Yuanmingyuan. Our results will provide a reference for the research of royal garden Study Yard and the construction of contemporary gardens embodying cultural artistic conception characteristics.