京西门头沟民居类文物建筑营造特点初探

A Preliminary Study on the Architectural Technique Features of the Residential Cultural Relics and Buildings in Mentougou District, Western Beijing

摘要:

以 30 处门头沟民居类文物建筑为研究对象，将关注点位着眼在京西山地四合院、三合院及不规则合院等民居类型的本体构造特点上，通过实地勘察、测绘记录等手段，结合当地工匠的技术讲述，梳理此类古建基本构造形制，结合地区深厚的山地文化底蕴与家族礼节理念分析形成构造形制的背景。通过对比老北京胡同四合院民居的构造特点，在基础、大木、墙体、屋面等四个主要方面初步厘清该地区民居类文物建筑的基本空间规律，并进一步探究其基本结构、选材用料、营造技艺等方面的特征，为进一步科学保护与活化利用此类文物建筑奠定初步认知基础。

Abstract:

Taking 30 cultural relics and buildings of Mentougou folk houses as the research object, the study focuses on the architectural features of residential buildings such as quadrangles, Sanheyuan and irregular quadrangles in the mountains of western Mentougou District, by means of on-the-spot investigation, surveying and Mapping Records, combined with the technical description of local craftsmen, the basic structures and forms of such ancient buildings are sorted out, combined with the profound mountain culture and the family etiquette idea of the region to form the background of structural formation. By comparing the structural characteristics of the old Beijing hutong siheyuan residential buildings, the basic space law of the residential buildings in the area is preliminarily clarified in four main aspects: the foundation, the Big Wood, the wall and the roof, and further explore its basic structure, materials, construction technology and other features, for the further scientific protection and activation of the use of such cultural relics to lay a preliminary cognitive foundation.