建筑文化夹缝中的困境和突围 ——原中央博物院中的技术矛盾剖析

The Predicament and Breakthrough in the Cracks in Architectural Culture ——Technological Contradiction Analysis on the Main Hall of Nanjing Museum

摘要:

本文记述了原民国中央博物院（简称央博）在其营建过程中尺度与技术探析过程。自 1929 年《首都计划》中提出对南京公共场所建设指示后，南京国民政府教育部于 1933 年设立中央博物院（央博）筹备处，自此征集其设计方案。在其设计竞赛及修改的过程中，遇到的两类矛盾，一类是传统规制和做法与功能要求的矛盾，另一类是传统规制和做法与现代材料与结构技术的矛盾。前者涉及空间的构建的设计，后者涉及到施工的技术与做法。在中西文化与技术碰撞的近代，央博的营建同样面对材料、度量单位等方面的转译，其在形式与材料、结构方面的碰撞中采取的解决方案值得借鉴。

Abstract:

This paper revealed the dimension and technology analysis of the main hall of Nanjing Museum in the original construction process. Followed by the instructions in (1929) to the styles of the public places, the ministry of education of The Nanjing National Government established the preparatory office of the Nanjing Museum in 1933, designs were called for since then. During the competition and the modification process, the architects in modern times had been thought about the combination of the national character and the function of modern architectures. In modern times, there was collapse in culture and technology between Chinese and western, the construction of Nanjing Museum also faced the translation in material and dimension, the solutions to solve the issues in form, material and structure should be learned.