山岳宫观园林分布与风水“大聚局”的相关性研究 ——以胶东半岛为例

Correlation of Taoist Temples Distribution and Macroscopical Fengshui Landscape Pattern in Mountainous Area —— A Case Study of Jiaodong Peninsula

摘要:

胶东半岛三面环海，群山遍布，为道家思想的重要发源地。沿海的气候特征和特殊的海洋气象，使半岛山岳成为修建宫观园林的佳地。宫观园林在各山体并非平均分布，而是以昆嵛山、崂山为中心，呈局部聚集、整体散点的布局模式。将风水堪舆理论的寻龙、察砂、观水转译为“高峰”“山环”“水系”，运用地理信息系统，以此 3 项指标分别对半岛各山脉的风水景观格局进行分析。发现宫观园林的分布与山岳风水“大聚局”紧密相关，符合“大聚局”尺度下的理想景观格局的山脉宫观园林分布较多，反之则少。研究发掘了宏观尺度下胶东半岛山岳宫观园林分布与风水理论之间的关系，可为其他地区宫观园林选址的研究提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Jiaodong peninsula, with its three-sided sea location, covered with mountains, has been an important birthplace of Taoism. The coastal climate characteristics and special marine weather make the mountain area become an ideal place for many Taoist factions to build temples. The Taoist temples are not evenly distributed in the mountain area, but take Kunyu Mountain and Laoshan Mountain as the center, showing the layout pattern oflocal aggregation and overall scattered points. Fengshui theory is transformed into "high mountain", "mountain ring" and "water system". Based on these three indexes, the Fengshui landscape pattern of each mountain range is analyzed by using GIS. This analysis found that the layout rules of the Taoist temples were closely related to the macroscopical Fengshui landscape pattern of the mountain area, and mountains in line with the ideal landscape pattern of this theory have more Taoist temples, while fewer on the contrary. This study explores the relationship between the distribution of mountain Taoist temples and Fengshui theory on a macro scale in Jiaodong peninsula, which can provide reference for the study on the location of temples in other regions.