故宫天圆地方重檐十字亭的琉璃屋面修缮技术

Glazed-tile Roof Conservation Technology of the Double-eave Crossing Pavilion in the Forbidden

摘要:

天圆地方十字亭，两层檐、六样黄色琉璃瓦屋面；上层檐屋面由竹节瓦、连瓦构成，上接宝顶；下层檐屋面，由位于中心位置的四角方亭、四周庑殿抱厦屋面组合。上层檐是两种异形瓦面竹节瓦和连瓦。连瓦的尺寸定制、进场后“样活”极为重要，关系到圆顶屋面施工的成败；正确选择连瓦下端金刚墙的标高、位置，能将此两种瓦件竹节瓦、连瓦，做到无缝顺接。下层檐的四角方亭与抱厦屋面交叉、搭接，形成四条天沟、八条窝角沟。窝角沟水沟瓦的囊向，受天沟金刚墙、抱厦瓦屋面的双重控制，天沟金刚墙高度还受围脊的控制。

Abstract:

Tianyuandifang（round sky and square earth） crossing pavilion for double eaves, yellow glazed-tile roof. The upper eave roof is composed of bamboo joint tiles and connected tiles, and the upper eave roof is connected with the pagoda top, while the lower eave roof is composed of the four-angled square pavilion located in the center and the surrounding covered porch roof. This paper introduces the glazed-tile roof repair technology of the double eaves crossing pavilion in the Forbidden Palace.