援军体系下明蓟镇西协四路军事聚落布局特征研究*

Research on the layout characteristics of military settlements on the western area of Ji-Town in the Ming Dynasty from the perspective of military assistance system*

摘要:

作为明长城防御体系的重要组成部分,镇城、卫所、堡寨等军事聚落分布格局体现了长城防御体系的整体运作机制,对其从军事视角进行研究有助于深化对长城文化遗产的价值认知。从军事聚落援军体系出发,通过史料查询、实地调研、数理分析等方法,梳理军事聚落兵力、分布、道路等因素,并运用GIS空间分析对相关要素进行空间落位,从而探索不同等级聚落兵力分布和援军效率,分析长城防御体系中军事聚落分布格局。研究表明聚落分布格局防御体系上表现为指挥有序的圈层结构；防御单元上表现为互为协防的网络结构；防御格局上表现为高效应援的梯次结构。

Abstract:

As an important part of the defense system of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, the distribution pattern of military settlements such as towns, garrisons and fortresses reflects the overall operation mechanism of the defense system of the Great Wall. Therefore, the study from the military perspective will contribute to deepen the value cognition of the Great Wall cultural heritage. Starting from the military settlement reinforcement system, the military settlement forces, distribution, roads and other factors are sorted out by the methods of historical data inquiry, field investigation, mathematical analysis and so on and the relevant elements could be located by GIS spatial analysis, so as to explore the force distribution and reinforcement efficiency of settlements in different levels, and to analyze the distribution pattern of military settlements in the Great Wall defense system. The research shows that the defense system of settlement distribution pattern is a circle structure with orderly command. The defense unit is a network structure of mutual defense. The defense pattern shows an echelon structure of efficient support.