“丈八八”形制影响下的大木构架尺度表达——以木格倒苗寨及土家大寨传统民居为例

The Scale Representation of Wooden Frame under the Influence of "Zhangbaba" Custom ——Take the Traditional Dwellings of Mugedao Village and Dazhai Village as Examples

摘要:

川渝地区苗族、土家族木构技术中传承因袭的“丈八八”形制,是将“八”为尾数的数字运用于传统建筑尺寸设计的地方营造习俗。这种以简明易记的尺寸数字把握建筑空间尺度的营造习俗,是地方传统建筑营造技术的经验积累和智慧总结,也是传统建筑模数制度的发展延续和重要呈现。本文以叙永木格倒苗寨及秀山土家大寨传统民居为例,通过详实的实地调研和匠师访谈,探究“丈八八”形制在传统大木技术中的具体表达机制,分析不同地域间“丈八八”形制的关联和差异,并借此阐释川渝苗族、土家族传统建筑营造的一些重要规律和特征。

Abstract:

The "Zhangbaba " custom inherited in the wood construction technique of Miao and Tujia nationalities in Sichuan-Chongqing area, is a type of construction custom which uses "eight" as the last number in the size design of traditional buildings. This construction custom controls the architectural space scale with concise and easy-to-remember size numbers, reflecting the experience accumulation and wisdom summary of construction techniques of local traditional buildings. It’s also a continuation and important presentation of the modular system of traditional buildings. This article takes the traditional dwellings of Mugedao Village in Xuyong County and Dazhai Village in Xiushan County as examples. Through the detailed field investigation and carpenter interview, it explores the specific representation mechanism of the "Zhangbaba" custom in traditional wood construction technique, then analyses the relevance and difference of the "Zhangbaba" custom in different regions, trying to clarify some important rules and characteristics of the traditional building construction of the Miao and Tujia nationalities in Sichuan-Chongqing area.