乾隆初年皇家建塔工程探赜

Research on the Construction Project of Royal Pagodas in the Early Qianlong Period

摘要:

一本法文著作的图说揭开了清乾隆二十三年（1758）西苑北海建塔遭雷击焚毁的原因，破解了长久以来北海公园大西天琉璃塔焚毁的谜团，同时也引发了本文对乾隆二十年（1755）前后皇家建塔活动的探赜。通过梳理档案文献，理清了乾隆二十年（1755）前后，乾隆皇帝分别于西苑北海、清漪园和承德避暑山庄建塔活动的始末。在此基础上，尝试对北海大西天琉璃塔进行初步复原，借助虚拟技术再现北京未实现的天际轮廓，进而推测乾隆皇帝对北京城空间格局的设想与意图。

Abstract:

The illustrations of a French book revealed the reason why the Daxitian Glazed pagoda in Xiyuan Beihai was destroyed by lightning in the 23rd year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1758). It solved the mystery of the burning of the Daxitian glazed pagoda, but also led to the exploration of the royal pagoda building activities around the 20th year of Qianlong (1755). By combing the archives and documents, we clarify the beginning and end of the royal pagoda building activities in Xiyuan Beihai, Qingyi Garden and Chengde summer resort around the 20th year of Qianlong (1755). On this basis, we try to restore the Daxitian glazed pagoda, reproduce the unrealized skyline of Beijing with the help of virtual technology, and then speculate the Emperor Qianlong's assumption and intention of the spatial pattern of Beijing.