传播学视野下中国近代基督教堂营造地方性研究* ——以武汉为例

Research on the Local Construction of Christian Church in Modern China from the Perspective of Communication ——A Case Study of Wuhan

摘要:

1840 年鸦片战争后，伴随着一系列不平等条约的签订，近代基督教第四次传入我国，并在全国城乡建造了大量的教堂，其影响力深度与广度远超前三次。一般认为，风格迥异的基督教堂与本土建筑之间似乎没有联系。本文则从传播学视角出发，通过对比分析中西教堂的营造本体和过程，发现中国近代基督教堂营造与西方基督教堂有着较大的差异性，但与本土建筑营造之间有一定的同一性——即地方性，并以武汉为例作论证。从传播学上看，殖民传播属于一种非对等跨文化传播方式，作为传播媒介（传教士）的角色先天缺陷，导致原本属于弱者的受者（本土工匠）却获得了一定的主动性，表现出地方性特征，而这种特征自始就客观存在，显示出中国传统建筑文化的适应性和包容性。

Abstract:

After the 1840 Opium War, with the signing of a series of unequal treaty, Modern Christianity was introduced into our country for the fourth time, and a large number of churches were built in cities and countryside. It is generally accepted that there seems to be no connection between the different styles of Christian churches and the local architecture. This paper, from the perspective of communication, through a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western churches to build the Noumenon and process, found that the construction of modern Chinese Christian churches and Western Christian churches have great differences, however, there is a certain identity between the local architecture-that is, the local, and Wuhan as an example to demonstrate. From the perspective of communication, colonial communication is a kind of non-reciprocal Trans-cultural diffusion. As the role of the media (missionary) is congenital defect, which causes the recipient (native craftsman) who belongs to the weak to gain some initiative, it shows the local characteristic, which exists objectively from the beginning, and shows the adaptability and inclusiveness of Chinese traditional architectural culture.