晋商孟氏造园理法探原

Explore the Origin of the Design Principle of Shanxi Merchant Meng’s Gardens

摘要:

清代晋商凭借雄厚的财力广起深宅园林，太谷孟氏家族园林是晋商私家园林的重要代表。孟氏弃儒从商而至家业兴盛，为造园提供了物质基础，饱读诗书的晋商对文人“自然栖居”意境的追求为造园活动繁盛创造了主观条件。晋商亦儒亦商的特殊的身份，体现在孟氏对园林择址、布局、营建山水等造园理法上，是商人世俗与文人雅致两者间的平衡。太谷孟氏私家园林为晋商孟氏提供了一处大隐于市的心灵居所，它实际上是建立在晋商身份下的一种中庸市井的产物。

Abstract:

In the Qing Dynasty, Shanxi merchants built a large number of houses and gardens with strong financial resources. The gardens of Taigu Meng’s clan are the representative of the merchants’ private gardens in Shanxi. Clan Meng gave up reading to do business, and family’s prosperity flourished, providing a material basis for the creation of gardens. At the same time, well-educated Shanxi merchants who pursued the artistic conception of "natural habitation" created subjective conditions for the prosperity of gardens. The characteristics of Meng's gardening design principles, such as site selection, layout, mountain snd water landscape construction, embody the special identity of Shanxi merchants as both Confucianism and businessmen, and the balance between merchant secular and literati elegance. The special identity of Shanxi merchants and Confucianism is also reflected in the balance between the merchant's secular and literati elegance in Meng's gardening, layout, and construction of landscapes. The Taigu Meng’s private garden provides Shanxi Merchants Clan Meng with a spiritual residence hidden in the city, which is actually a kind of balanced secular product established under the identity of Shanxi merchants.