南京刘园研究 ——从近代地图史料与园林题咏中剖析

The Research of Liu Yuan in Nanjing-An Analysis from the Cartographical ——Industry of the City maps of Nanjing and the Garden Literature

摘要:

刘园位于南京城南中华门外，为清末民国初南京私家园林中佳者。园主刘文陶抒怀古情怀，相地构园延高士精神、纳山水城之城市景观于壶中天地，构园林布局依循溪布景等均为彼时文人雅士所称道。除应园主邀约，文人雅士为刘园写成题咏集外，后陆续有中日学者到访并留下文字图片记载。故虽因战乱、疏于管理等原因刘园最终湮灭，仍能从以上珍贵资料中一探其胜景。刘园所处的南京城，因其在近代史中的独特地位，近代地图史料的发展为南京城市留下大量城市地图，从这一系列城市地图绘制背景及信息中分析刘园在始建到湮灭的 40 多年间的变化，以期获得更多园林原貌的信息。采用制图的理性信息分析结合园林题咏的理性感性升华的方法，深入去剖析刘园。

Abstract:

Liu Yuan, which was located in the southern part of Nanjing outside the Zhonghua Gate was an excellent traditional garden in modern times of Nanjing. Liu Wentao, the owner of the garden, chose the garden site by memorizing the ancient scholar and continuing the spirit of scholars, received the urban landscape of mountain, river and city walls into the world of pot, constructed the garden sites along the ravine stream, all the sceneries have been praised by the scholars who had visited the garden at that time. Besides the literature left by the scholars who were invited by the owner, there were scholars from both China and Japan visiting the garden and left photographs and records. Although Liu Yuan vanished because of the wars and being lack of management, we can still see the view of it from the precious data mentioned above. Nanjing city, where Liu Yuan was located, because of its unique status in China in modern times, cartographical industry in modern times provided plenty of city maps of the city, from which the changes in nearly 40 years in Liu Yuan can be analyzed to get close to the original information of the garden. The combination of rational information based on cartographical industry and emotional sublimation based on the garden literature, which helps the analysis on Liu Yuan get deep into its original appearance.