侗族鼓楼的大木作构件术语与标识系统（上）*

The Terms and Identifier System of the Timber Structure of Dong Minority’s Drum Towers (Part I)

摘要:

侗族工匠们在传统建筑营造活动中发展出了一套在无图样的情况下，获取、记录关键尺度信息，并指导施工的方法。它既满足无图样的木构建筑标准化建造要求，又解决了因木材自然属性带来的弹性尺寸问题。以穿斗式标准榀架营造逻辑、木材受力特征和加工、装配为基础，侗族鼓楼具备了完整的构件分类术语、空间定位方法以及字符标识系统，是逐一记录大木构件并确保装配的重要手段。

Abstract:

Dong People's craftsmen have developed a way to capture, record and guide construction at critical scales without drawing in traditional building activities. It not only meets the requirements of standardized construction of non-pattern wooden building, but also solves the problem of elastic dimension caused by natural properties of wood. Based on the construction logic, wood mechanical characteristics, processing and assembly of the Standard Bucket Frame, the drum tower in Dong people has a complete component classification terminology, spatial positioning method and character identification system, it is an important means of recording large wooden components one by one and ensuring their assembly.