山水之间：清涧古城历史人居环境营建经验探究*

Among Mountains and Waters: The Study of Experiences of Constructing Historic Human Settlement in Ancient Qingjian Town

摘要:

中国古代城市拥有与西方城市不同的空间营造逻辑和规划设计方法，尤其是结合山水元素的人居环境营建理念及方法，曾指导人们创造了大量“天人合一”的中国式城市空间。本文以清涧古城历史人居环境营建为例，在古城历史城池图复原的基础上，借助 Arcgis 地理信息系统对其自然山水中地表和河流灾害进行模拟分析，探寻城市营建择地经验，并利用空间句法分析城市历年空间结构的演化发展，总结其空间结构构架经验。与此同时，运用 Arcgis 视域分析方法对城市建筑群体肌理以及重点建筑视线关系进行剖析，以提取城市建筑布局经验。希冀通过科学定量的分析方法发掘转译中国古代城市人居环境营建智慧，以启发当代于山水之间实现人居和谐的城市规划建设实践。

Abstract:

The ancient Chinese cities have different space building logic and planning design method from the Western cities, especially the idea and method of human settlement environment construction combined with landscape elements, has directed people to create a large number of“Heaven and man in one” of the chinese-style urban space. Based on the reconstruction of the historic city map of the ancient city of Qingjian County, the paper simulates and analyzes the natural landscape and river disasters by using Arcgis to explore the experience of land selection in urban construction, the paper also uses spatial syntax to analyze the evolution of urban spatial structure over the years, and summarizes the experience of its spatial structure. At the same time, Arcgis method is used to analyze the texture of urban building groups and the relationship between the sight lines of key buildings, in order to extract the experience of urban architectural layout. It is hoped that the wisdom of human settlements in ancient Chinese cities can be found and translated through scientific and quantitative analysis, so as to inspire the practice of urban planning and construction.