“大召模式”——蒙藏地区藏传佛教寺院结构及形态研究的再思考（下）

“Yeke Juu Mode”: The Rethinking of the Construction and Layout of the Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Mongolia and Tibet （Part II)

摘要:

本文从历史以及建筑结构的角度，探讨了以呼和浩特大召为首的土默特地区藏传佛教寺庙措钦大殿的结构特点及形成的原因。通过对建筑结构、空间使用关系和构造细节与做法的深入分析，得出大召措钦大殿的经堂与佛殿不是传统认为的同一时间建造的汉藏混合结构建筑。其经堂实为后期增建，且经堂和佛殿其实均非藏式结构建筑，而是具有藏式装饰的汉式结构建筑，其结构还不同于明朝北方流行的典型官式抬梁式建筑，而是类似于“槽”的回字形柱网加抬梁结构的梁架。同时本文总结了民族融合地区的藏传佛教建筑的研究方法，提出了三种新方向，为边疆建筑的研究提供新的思路。

Abstract:

This papertalks about the Yeke Juu in the Tumed Mongolia by examing the physical design, layout,and construction. Specifically, the paper investigates the “Yeke JuuMode”architecturesamong the Tsochin Halls. The paper uses the Tsochin Hall of Yeke Zuu as a case study to reveal the Chanting Court and Buddha Chapel, which are primary parts of a Tsochin Hall were constructed during different time periods; hence, the variances in construction styles, both of the Chanting Court and Buddha Chapel are Chinese-style timber frame structures, with Tibetan-style decorations. Moreover, the timber frame and the columnsare based on cao (ring grids), rather than official tailiang, as commonly believed. Lastly, this paper provides two more possible methods to update the researching of the Frontier architectures in Mongolia.