北京景山公园山左里门、山右里门测绘调查报告 ——兼论明中后期官式建筑形制*

Research on Architectural Form of the Official Style in Middle and Late Ming Dynasty, with an example of Shanzuoli Gate and Shanyouli Gate in Beijing Jingshan Park

摘要:

北京景山是北京内城的制高点，是北京中轴线上关键的组成部分。以往较关注于其特殊的空间位置和建筑功能，鲜有对景山几座大门的研究。通过 2016 年对景山东西两侧现存的山左里门和山右里门的测绘，本文归纳整理了两座建筑主体的屋身比、大木尺寸、梁枋高宽比，详细记录了斗栱、隔架科、角背等节点，并通过营造尺的分析和文献梳理，对山左里门和山右里门的营造年代进行了初步考证。得到这两座建筑在营造比例、建筑形制与细部节点等方面具有明代建筑的特征，亦不乏清代修缮痕迹的推论，判断其始建年代为明中后期。

Abstract:

Jingshan Hill, the commanding heights of the city's inner city, is a key part of the Zhongzhou Road. In the past, more attention has been paid to its special spatial location and architectural function, and little research has been done on the gates of Jingshan Hill. Based on the 2016 survey of the existing Shanzuolimen and Shanyoulimen on the East and West sides of Jingshan Hill, this paper summarizes the body ratio, large wood dimensions and height-width ratio of the two main buildings, the nodes of Dougong, spacer and corner back are recorded in detail, and the construction date of Shanzuoli Gate and Shanyoulili Gate is preliminarily verified through the analysis of construction ruler and literature review. It is concluded that these two buildings have the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty in the aspects of building proportion, architectural form and details, and there are also some restoration traces in the Qing Dynasty.