基于古建筑开间尺度设计规律以数理统计方法验证元代官尺长度的尝试

An Attempt to Verify the Length of Official Rules in Yuan Dynasty by Mathematical Statistics Method Based on the Laws of Interval Scale Design of Ancient Buildings

摘要:

关于元尺长度早期学者指出与宋尺同，这一观点长期影响着学术界，而后来史学者通过元代文献堪比出的元尺长度长期被忽视得不到学术界的讨论和检验。以建筑开间尺度设计原理检验发现，元代文献堪比出的元尺长度也可以得到很好的验证，然后基于定量分析的角度采用数理统计的 T 检验法对通过五座元代建筑还原的尺长分析，得出“《元典章》官尺”长 39.5 厘米 / 尺作为五座元代建筑设计施工用尺有 95% 的能。另一方面，永乐宫无极门的开间面阔均能被“省部所降官尺”40.8 厘米 / 尺还原为整 10 尺的现象，反映了 40.8 厘米/ 尺从定性研究的角度上看也具有作为元代官方建筑设计建造用尺的可能。再结合重阳殿的当心间和次间以及北京元代住宅遗址的当心间均能被 39.5 厘米 / 尺或 40.8 厘米 / 尺还原为 10 尺看，这一尺长为认识、研究元代建筑设计尺度规律提供新的可能。

Abstract:

The early scholars pointed out that the length of yuan-chi was the same as that of song-chi, which influenced the academic circle for a long time. Based on the design principle of building bay scale, it is found that the length of meta-scale comparable to the literature of Yuan Dynasty can also be well verified, then, based on the Quantitative Analysis Angle, a mathematical t-test method was used to analyze the length of the restored five-yuan buildings, it is concluded that the length of the official ruler of the Yuan Dynasty is 39.5 cm/foot, which has 95% energy as the ruler of five Yuan Dynasty architectural design and construction. On the other hand, the width of the opening of the Yongle Palace's infinite door can be reduced to 10 feet by the 40.8 centimeter/foot of the official ruler of the provincial government, it reflects that 40.8 cm/foot is also possible to be used as the official building ruler in Yuan Dynasty from the perspective of qualitative research. Combined with the observation rooms and secondary rooms of the Chongyang Hall and the observation rooms of the Yuan Dynasty residential sites in Beijing, they can be reduced to 10 feet by 39.5 cm/foot or 40.8 cm/foot, this length provides a new possibility for understanding and studying the law of architectural design scale in Yuan Dynasty.