“大召模式”——蒙藏地区藏传佛教寺院结构及形态研究的再思考（上）

“Yeke Juu Mode”: The Rethinking of the Construction and Layout of the Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Mongolia and Tibet （Part I)

摘要:

本文从历史以及建筑结构的角度，探讨了以呼和浩特大召为首的土默特地区藏传佛教寺庙措钦大殿的结构特点及形成的原因。通过对建筑结构、空间使用关系和构造细节与做法的深入分析，得出大召措钦大殿的经堂与佛殿不是传统认为的同一时间建造的汉藏混合结构建筑。其经堂实为后期增建，且经堂和佛殿其实均非藏式结构建筑，而是具有藏式装饰的汉式结构建筑，其结构还不同于明朝北方流行的典型官式抬梁式建筑，而是类似于“槽”的回字形柱网加抬梁结构的梁架。同时本文总结了民族融合地区的藏传佛教建筑的研究方法，提出了三种新方向，为边疆建筑的研究提供新的思路。

Abstract:

From the perspective of history and Architecture, this paper discusses the structural features and formation reasons of Cuoqin Hall, a Tibetan Buddhism temple in Tumed, led by Huhhot. Based on the analysis of the architectural structure, the spatial use relationship and the structural details and practices, it is concluded that the Sutra Hall and the Buddhist Hall of the Great Hall of Dashaocuoqin are not the traditional Chinese-tibetan mixed structure buildings built at the same time. In fact, the Sutra Hall was added in the later period, and the Sutra Hall and the Buddhist Temple are not Tibetan structures, but Chinese structures with Tibetan decorations, and their structures are also different from the typical official beam-lifting buildings popular in the northern part of the Ming Dynasty, but is similar to the“Trough” of the return-shaped Column Network Plus Lifting Beam Structure of the beam. At the same time, this paper summarizes the research methods of Tibetan Buddhist architecture in ethnic areas, and puts forward three new directions to provide new ideas for the study of frontier architecture.