北京明十三陵陵监村空间形态研究*

Study on the spatial form of mausoleum village in Beijing Ming Tombs

摘要:

北京明十三陵作为皇家陵墓最高等级的代表与集大成者，具有十分重要的历史地位。陵监村作为陵寝制度的组成部分，具有监督、管理、维护的办公职能与生活居住的职能，有重要的历史意义及保护与研究价值。由于社会对于陵监村的历史价值认识不充分，加之村落功能变化、城镇化发展较快等情况，使得陵监村的保护状况不容乐观。本文试图从陵监村的空间形态出发，梳理现有的空间布局特征，明晰村落结构与构成要素，明确陵监村的物质遗产价值，分析当下陵监村存在的保护问题。最后，从加强价值挖掘、平衡保护与发展关系、建立区域层面村落保护的角度，对陵监村保护与发展提出建议。

Abstract:

The Ming tomb in Beijing, as the representative of the highest level of royal tombs, have a very important historical status. As an integral part of the mausoleum system, the mausoleum village has the office function of supervision, management and maintenance and the function of living, which has important historical significance, protection and research value. Due to the society's insufficient understanding of the historical value of the mausoleum villages, as well as the changes of village functions and the rapid development of urbanization, the protection status of the mausoleum villages is not optimistic. This paper tries to sort out the existing spatial layout characteristics, clarify the structure and constituent elements of the village, clarify the material heritage value of the village, and analyze the existing protection problems of the village from the perspective of the spatial form of the village. Finally, from the perspective of strengthening value mining, balancing the relationship between protection and development, and establishing the protection and development of villages at the regional level, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the protection and development of the mausoleum villages.