关于中国古代都城瓮城城门“正直之制”的初探 ——以明清北京城东直门、西直门为线索的城门形制研究

Preliminary study on the "integrity system" of the gate of Wengcheng, the ancient capital of China -Study on the shape of Beijing Gate with the clue of Dongzhimen and Xizhimen in Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要:

本文以明清北京城东直门、西直门在名号、形制上的特殊之处为问题出发点，试图寻找其存在的直接原因，以及深层次的礼制依据。在梳理明清北京城、元大都城、金中都城、北宋东京城的制度传承关系后，提出了中国古代都城瓮城城门制度中“正直之制”的概念：瓮城城门“中门”为“正门”，是仪式性的城门，“正门”与“偏门”根据形态上的“曲”、“直”来区别等级。

Abstract:

This article starts with the special points of the name and shape of Dongzhimen and Xizhimen in Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It tries to find the direct cause of its existence and the basis of the deep ritual system. After combing the institutional inheritance relations between the Ming and Qing dynasties of Beijing, Yuan Dadu, Jinzhongdu, and the Northern Song Dynasty, the concept of " System of Main And Straight Entrance " in the gate system of the ancient Chinese capital Wengcheng City was proposed: the city's four main entrances are straight gates. The Wengcheng plane has a square shape and intersects at right angles on both sides of its front end.