鬼神文化园林初探——以蒿里山神祠为例

Study on the cultural landscape of ghosts and gods: take Haoli Temple as example

摘要:

基于鬼神文化和蒿里山研究，梳理了蒿里山神祠发展史，分析了神祠方位和选址考量。通过史籍和古图记载，推测了蒿里山神祠平面布局，据此分析了蒿里山神祠园林特色：阴间景象浓缩再现、大面积围墙构筑、东南向入口设置、与地形结合紧密。提出蒿里山神祠神位设置上，主殿森罗殿供奉的应是东岳大帝，且与道教不同，深受民间因素和泰山文化影响。据此提出了鬼神文化园林的特点：设计和建设上的随意、地域历史文化的影响、阴间景象的浓缩展现，明确了蒿里山神祠在鬼神文化中的研究价值。

Abstract:

This paper reviews the development history of Haoli Mountain shrines and analyzes the considerations of orientation and location based on ghosts and gods’ culture and Haoli Mountain research. Haoli shrines layout is inferred through the historical records and ancient records, according which analysis the temple garden features: condensation and reproduction of the scene of the underworld, construction of large area wall, southeast entrance, close combination with terrain. A proposal of Haoli Temple’s god system is presented. The main temple, Senluo temple is dedicated to the east mountain emperor. And different from Taoism, the system is deeply influenced by folk factors and Mount Tai culture. According to this, paper puts forward the characteristics of ghosts and gods cultural gardens: Randomness in design and construction, the influence of regional history and culture, concentrated display of the scene of the underworld. The value of Haoli temple in the study of ghosts and gods culture is clearly defined.