湘西洞口宗祠建筑群古戏楼营造技术探析

Construction Technology of Ancient Theatres of Ancestral Temple Group in Dongkou in the Western Hunan Province

摘要:

湘西祠堂戏楼古老的木构架形式，既规矩，又灵活，不拘泥于形制。围护结构和承重结构既独立，又相互依托，给建筑的外形处理带来很大的可塑性，人们可以灵活地处理可变的外形和固定的结构之间的关系。这种灵活性，既可以最大限度减少对内部空间的占用，又可以因地制宜地美化建筑外观，使建筑自然、美观。湘西洞口宗祠建筑群为明清时期南方传统建筑，共 11 组祠堂，每个祠堂都有戏楼，每个戏楼各具特色。本文归纳总结了戏楼主体木结构的组合形式、屋面形式与木结构位置的关系、翼角发戗的特点、底部承重结构的布置的作用、檐口挑出和装修的艺术特点。

Abstract:

The ancient wooden frame form of Xiangxi Ancestral Hall Opera House is regular and flexible. The envelope structure and the load-bearing structure are independent and dependent on each other, which brings great plasticity to the treatment of the building shape. This flexibility, not only can minimize the occupation of internal space, but also can be adapted to beautify the appearance of the building, so that the building natural and beautiful. There are 11 groups of ancestral halls in Dongkou ancestral hall of western Hunan, which is a southern traditional building in Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper sums up the combination form of the main wooden structure, the relation between the roof form and the position of the wooden structure, the feature of the closure of the wing angle, the function of the bottom load-bearing structure, the artistic features of the Cornice pick-out and decoration.