湖南通道清代侗族寨门“排楼”（斗栱）

The “Pai Lou” (Bracket Set) of the Dong Minority’s Village Gates in Tongdao County of Hunan in China’s Qing Dynasty

摘要:

本文根据田野调查的成果，对湖南省通道侗族自治县各乡镇现存的十座清代侗族寨门中的“排楼”（斗栱）进行了详细论述。首先根据工匠对其营建方式和外观形象的表达，厘清了其汉、侗语的称谓。再根据其建构逻辑，归纳了“排楼”（斗栱）的三种分件装配次序与榫卯做法，和平面层的三种组织方式及由此产生的组件与边柱或高拱柱的搭接关系。在对通道县清代侗族寨门“排楼”（斗栱）作法进行总结的基础上，讨论了“排楼”（斗栱）在当代发生施工简化、构件标准化的变迁，传统做法面临当代传承的问题。

Abstract:

Based on the results of Field Work, this paper discusses in detail the 10 existing “Pai Lou”, or “Pai Lou”, in the villages and towns of the Tongdao Dong Autonomous County of Dong people in the Qing Dynasty. First of all, according to the craftsmen to its construction and appearance of the image of the expression, clarify its Han, Dong language appellation. According to its construction logic, the three assembly sequences of “Dougong” and its mortise-and-tenon method, as well as the three organization modes of the plane layer and the resultant lapping relations between the components and the side columns or high arches are summarized. On the basis of summarizing the practice of Dougong in Tongdao county during the Qing Dynasty, this paper discusses the changes of Dougong in the contemporary construction simplification and standardization of components, and the problems of contemporary inheritance of the traditional practice.