浅谈文物建筑灾（战）后“重建”的国际理论发展脉络

A Brief Analysis on the Development of International Theory of Post Trauma Reconstruction for Historic Architecture

摘要:

按照《中华人民共和国文物法》，“不可移动文物已经全部毁坏的，应当实施遗址保护，不得在原址重建”。然而，由于经济社会发展的需要，历史城镇和已经消失的建筑复建仍屡见不鲜；在近期世界遗产大会上，以尼泊尔加德满都谷地地震破坏、叙利亚阿勒颇古城在战争中破坏等为代表的世界遗产地的灾后、战后重建成为历次关注与讨论的焦点。在此背景下，本文试以 2017年 7 月在波兰克拉克夫召开的第 41 届世界遗产大会上公布的、由国际古迹遗址理事会编制的《世界遗产的灾（战）后恢复与重建导则》为契机，讨论从国际遗产保护视角对重建的基本立场，并探讨历史城镇和文物建筑的灾（战）后重建价值判断及认识发展。

Abstract:

According to the law of the People's Republic of China on cultural relics, “Where all immovable cultural relics have been destroyed, the site shall be protected and not be rebuilt in situ.”. However, due to the need of economic and social development, historical towns and buildings that have disappeared are still frequently rebuilt; at the recent World Heritage Conference, the post-disaster and post-war reconstruction of world heritage sites such as the Kathmandu Kathmandu Valley in Nepal and the destruction in the Aleppo Ancient City of Aleppo in Syria have become the focus of attention and discussion. Against this background, this paper takes the opportunity of the “Guidelines for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction of World Heritage Sites” published by the International Council on Monuments and Sites at the 41st World Heritage Conference in Krakow, Poland, in July 2017, this paper discusses the basic standpoint of reconstruction from the perspective of International Heritage Protection, and discusses the value judgment and cognitive development of the reconstruction of historical towns and cultural relic buildings after the disaster (war) .