福建屏南万安桥的建筑构造特性与顶升修缮方法*

Construction Characteristics and Jacking Repair Method of Wan’an Bridge in Pingnan in Fujian Province*

摘要:

万安桥是我国古代多跨贯木拱廊桥中的最杰出代表和现存最长的贯木拱廊桥，自下而上由台基与桥墩、贯木拱桥体、木结构廊屋三个典型部分相互独立又紧密连接而成。其中，桥体拱架系统中的水平向横木――垫苗木和牛头处于干湿交替部位、用材较小、开卯口较多而严重糟朽甚至脱榫，致使桥体和廊屋整体变形。经过反复调研、论证，根据其建筑构造特性，万安桥在修缮中被采用了整体顶升修缮方法予以更换糟朽水平向横木构件，施工过程安全、高效、节约、优质，用后评估良好。它是贯木拱廊桥修缮历史上的首次使用此方法并追踪反馈得到好评的案例，无疑可以起到借鉴作用。

Abstract:

Wan 'an bridge is the most outstanding representative of our ancient multi-span wooden arch bridge and the longest existing wooden arch bridge, from bottom to top, the three typical parts of abutment and pier, Wooden Arch Bridge Body and wooden structure Gallery House are independent and closely connected with each other. Among them, the horizontal transverse timber-cushion seedling and cow head in the alternate position of dry and wet, with less material, more openings and serious decayed, even tenon, resulting in the overall deformation of the bridge and the gallery. After repeated investigation and demonstration, according to its structural characteristics, Wan 'an bridge was repaired by integral jacking repair method to replace decayed horizontal horizontal timber members, which is safe, efficient, economical and high quality in the construction process, good post-use evaluation. . It is the first time in the history of bridge restoration to use this method and follow up the feedback received by the case, no doubt can play a reference.