四川汉地大木工艺研究（一） ——化“曲”为“直”

Study on the Wood Construction Techniques and Crafts in Han Nationality Region in Sichuan Province (1) ——Transforming “Qu” (Curve) into “Zhi” (Straight)

摘要:

四川民居，是南方穿斗体系的重要组成部分，已有研究成果多集中于建筑实物而较少涉及营造技艺。调查、记录、总结传统建筑工艺，结合构架形制、节点构造、工匠区系、地理方言区划廓清四川传统建筑及工艺内部的区域分野，对于建筑文化研究和当代遗产保护传承具有重要意义。作为四川汉族地区传统建筑工艺调查的第一篇文章，本文着眼于工匠对弯材的处理。通过弯料画墨、制作过程揭示穿斗民居的用料特点、结构原理；阐述榫卯原理及讨签—上签这一关键制作步骤，洞悉其背后的原理、设计思维与意识。

Abstract:

Sichuan Folk House is an important part of the South Chuandou System, and the research achievements are mainly focused on the building objects and less on the construction techniques. By investigating, recording and summarizing the traditional architectural techniques, combining with the frame system, joint structure, craftsman area and geographical dialect area division, this paper clears out the regional divisions within the traditional architecture and techniques in Sichuan Province, it is of great significance to the study of architectural culture and the preservation and inheritance of contemporary heritage. As the first article of the investigation of traditional architectural technology in Sichuan Han area, this paper focuses on the treatment of curved materials by craftsmen. This paper reveals the material characteristics and structural principle of Chuandou dwellings through the process of bending material painting and drawing, and expounds the principle of tenon and mortise joints and the key manufacturing step of asking for a sign, so as to understand the principle, design thinking and consciousness behind it.