歇山沿革试析

On Evolution of Hip-and-Gable Roofs

摘要:

歇山是中国古代建筑最重要的屋顶形式之一，造型端庄活泼、华丽，山花装饰的多彩多姿也为之增色不少。在现存古代建筑中，歇山顶所占比重最大。歇山起源，梁思成等前辈认为，是由两坡悬山顶四周围以披檐而构成，但歇山沿革，至今未能澄明。用统计方法，对反映这种建筑式样的出土明器、雕刻、绘画及遗存实物，按时序和地理的分布加以分析，并参证民居的地理分布，可引出结论是：歇山起源于南方，其沿革，则明显呈现出随历史变迁由南而北逐渐传播流行的趋势。

Abstract:

Xie Shan is one of the most important roof forms in traditional Chinese architecture. It is dignified and gorgeous in shape, and the colorful decoration of pediments also adds to its beauty. Among the existing ancient buildings, the Xie Shan style occupies the largest proportion. As for the origin of Xie shan, Liang Sicheng and other predecessors believed that it was composed of two slopes Xuan shan roof and surrounded by eaves. But its evolution has not been clarified so far. According to the unearthed artifacts, carvings, paintings and the samples of this architectural style in the relics, the comprehensive analysis of the chronological and geographical distribution shows that xie shan architecture originated from the south of China, and its evolution shows a trend of gradually developing and spreading from south to north.