徽州古建筑“马头墙”的种类构造与做法

Types and Construction of Matou Qiang (Horse-Head or Side Walls)of old Buildings in Huizhou, Anhui province

摘要:

在徽州的古典园林建筑与民居建筑中，往往在屋面之上砌筑有屏风墙、封火墙。因为墙形似马头，故称“马头墙”。它不但能起防火、防盗的作用，而且还弥补了屋面以上空间的单调，并以高超的雕刻和绘画艺术来增添建筑物的外型美，体现了徽州古典建筑的独特风格。这是历代建筑匠师在自然环境、乡土资源、宗教思想、风水观念和传统文化等各方面条件影响下不断创造的结果。本文对徽州古建筑中“马头墙”的种类、构造与做法进行探析。

Abstract:

In huizhou classical garden buildings and residential buildings, there are often screen walls and fire walls built on the roof.Because the wall looks like a horse's head, so it is called "horse head wall". It can not only play the role of fire prevention and anti-theft, but also make up for the monotony of the space above the roof, and with superb sculpture and painting art to add the appearance of the building beauty, reflecting the unique style of huizhou classical architecture. Under the influence of natural environment, local resources, religious thought, geomantic concept and traditional culture, the architects of all dynasties created the result continuously. This paper analyzes the types, structures and practices of "horse-head wall" in huizhou ancient architecture.