中国建筑、庭园与凤凰堂——天宫飞阁、神仙苑池（一）

Chinese Archilechme, Gardens and Phoenix Hall

摘要:

以日本宇治平等院凤凰堂为代表的所谓净土（教）建筑、庭园、与敦煌壁画的画像有着相近似的构成，当然也相对有明显差异。一方面其特色自可上溯至唐代。另一方面就其与早期北魏洛阳的佛寺、宫苑具有一致的要素来看，这种以大量使用天宫、飞阁建筑和以苑池为要素的庭园形式，可以说是以古代中国历来的神仙思想为背景而尤好采用的。因而，虽作为净土（教）建筑、庭园原型的建筑、庭园很少，但在中国曾大量存在的可能性很大。从建筑样式方面来看，当麻曼荼罗中所描绘的建筑及斗拱形式、两重阑额等细部手法，都很好地体现了中国初唐时期的样式。

Abstract:

The buildings and gardens of the so-called Pure Land (Religion) represented by the Phoenix Hall of The Uji Byodo-In Temple in Japan have similar compositions with the portraits of dunhuang murals, but of course there are relatively obvious differences. On the one hand, its characteristics can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. On the other hand, in terms of the same elements as the buddhist temples and palaces in Luoyang in the early Northern Wei Dynasty, this garden form, with the extensive use of heaven palace style buildings as the elements, can be said to be based on the immortal thoughts of ancient China as the background to preferred for adoption.Therefore, although there are few buildings and gardens as the prototype of pure land (religious) architecture and garden, there is a great possibility that they once existed in large numbers in China. In terms of architectural style, the architecture depicted in the Touma mandala, all well reflect the style of the early Tang Dynasty in China.