《营造法式》“举折之制”浅探

On Method to Determine Pitch and Curvature of Roof stated in Song Manual Building Standards

摘要:

我国是世界文明古国之一，建筑技术源远流长。商朝出现了以木结构为主的较成熟的宫殿组群建筑，基本初步形成了自己独特的风格。在此之后，各朝代在前人的基础上总结创新，将建筑技术不断向前推进。隋、唐、宋三个朝代木结构建筑采用了古典的模数制。北宋李诫编修的《营造法式》规定了做法制度及工料定额，其内容严密且有很强的科学性。宋《营造法式》是我国最早的一部建筑工程规范巨著，奠定了我国古典建筑的规模及形式。本文对《营造法式》“举折之制”作粗浅分析，不仅是对抽象性的理论研究，更重要的是探讨我国古代劳动人民在建筑设计及制作中蕴含的数学与力学观念，使之为古代建筑的修缮、设计及研究提供更科学的理论依据。

Abstract:

China is one of the ancient civilizations in the world, and construction technology has a long history. The Shang Dynasty appeared with more mature palace complex buildings based on wooden structures, which initially formed their own unique style, and later dynasties summarized and innovated on the basis of predecessors, and pushed the construction technology forward continuously. The wooden structure buildings of the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties adopted the classical modulus system. The Northern Song Dynasty Li Jie's ‘Ying Zao Fa Shi’ stipulates the ‘method of work’ system and the quota of labour and materials, and its content is strict and has a strong scientific nature. It is the earliest construction engineering specification masterpiece in China, which laid the scale and form of classical architecture in China. This paper makes a rough analysis of the ‘Ying Zao Fa Shi’ and the system of Zhe and Ju .