先秦时期齐鲁文化对中国古代城市规划的影响

Ideas of City Planning in 0ld China affected by Qi- and Lu-Cultures in Pre-Qin Period

摘要:

从周王东迁到秦灭六国，数百年期间中国社会经历了大动荡、大变革。首先铁工具在农业上广泛的应用，标志着生产力的提高；井田制的瓦解及地主土地私有制的确立，宣告了封建制的诞生。政治上周礼已经名存实亡，军事上大国争霸于中原。在这种大的社会环境背景下，先秦的城市也出现了深刻的变革。齐文化与鲁文化导致了两种城市的规划思想，齐国都临淄与鲁国都曲阜的城市布局不同；城市性质不同；城市规模不同；宫城地位不同。这对中国封建社会中后期城市规划的影响深远。通过对于两种文化类型城市的反思，推断出“择中论”的源头可以上溯到以陕西、河南及山西甬部为主的中原文化区。比如汉长安属于齐文化系统城市，是齐文化西移的结果，采用了“择中论”的型制。

Abstract:

From the eastward migration of the Zhou Dynasty to the Annihilation of the Six Kingdoms of Qin, Chinese society has undergone great turmoil and great changes in the past few hundred years. First of all, the widespread use of iron tools in agriculture marked the increase of productive forces; the collapse of the well field system and the establishment of the private ownership of landlords' land announced the birth of feudalism. Politically, Zhou Li has already existed in name only, and militarily, great powers are vying for hegemony in the Central Plains. In the context of this large social environment, the cities of the pre-Qin Dynasty also underwent profound changes. Qi culture and Lu culture have led to two kinds of urban planning ideas, the urban layout of Linzi, the capital of Qi, and Qufu, the capital of Luguo; the nature of cities is different; the size of cities is different; and the status of Miyagi is different. It had a profound impact on urban planning in the middle and late period of Feudal China. Through the reflection of the two cultural types of cities, it is inferred that the source of the "theory of choosing the middle" can be traced back to the Central Plains Cultural Region dominated by Shaanxi, Henan and Shanxi Yongbu. Han Chang'an belongs to the Qi cultural system city, which is the result of the westward migration of Qi culture. The "middle-of-the-road theory" system was adopted.