中国古建筑源流

A Brief Account of Origins of Chinese Architecture

摘要:

中国古建筑有两股源头，两根脉络。一个是以黄河流域、中原地区，另一个在长江流域以及广大南方水网地带。第一次的大融合与建筑高潮是秦汉建筑，经过秦汉时期，黄河流域与长江流域建筑的大融合，中国建筑的木构体系已经成型了。第二次大融合与建筑高潮是唐宋建筑，唐朝为建筑的高潮期，宋代是唐以后的一个“整理”阶段。宋的建筑转向细巧，也有条件出现了我国最有影响的建筑规范——《营造法式》，成为这个高潮的尾声。第三次大融合与建筑高潮是明清建筑。这一次交流融合的规模较小，主要表现在各民族之间、南北之间。明清建筑已经表现了成熟期过去以后的那种深思熟虑，更加条理化、制度化，中期那种雄浑伟大的气魄。

Abstract:

Ancient Chinese architecture has two sources and two veins. One is in the Yellow River Basin and the Central Plains, and the other is in the Yangtze River Basin and the vast southern water network area. The first great fusion and architectural climax was Qin and Han architecture, after the Qin and Han dynasties, the great fusion of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin architecture, the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture has taken shape. The second great fusion and architectural climax was the Tang and Song dynasties, the Tang Dynasty was the climax of architecture, and the Song Dynasty was a "finishing" stage after the Tang Dynasty. The architecture of the Song Dynasty turned to fine, and there were also conditions for the emergence of the most influential building code in China, "Building the French Style". The end of this climax. The third great fusion and architectural climax was Ming and Qing dynasty architecture. The scale of this exchange and integration is small, mainly between various ethnic groups and between the north and the south. Ming and Qing dynasty architecture has shown the kind of thoughtfulness after the maturity period has passed, more methodical and institutionalized, and the majestic and great courage of the middle period.