岭南古建筑脊饰探源

The origin of ridge decoration in lingnan traditional architecture

摘要:

岭南指五岭以南地区，包括两广南部。广义的岭南，还应包括闽南及台湾岛，大致与华南地区相同。从古建筑的角度分析，岭南古建筑有两大体系，即粤江流域系和闽南系，其中粤东潮汕地区及台湾受闽南影响较大，均属闽南系。两系虽有其差异，但在古代属于同一个文化圈，同受海洋文化的影响，又具有其共性。与北方古建筑相比，首先是脊饰的巨大差异。岭南古建筑中最突出的即是脊饰，其装饰题材与风格，流露出显著的地方特色：基调豪放、内容丰富、精雕细刻、装饰华丽、色彩鲜艳，使砖雕、石雕、嵌瓷与陶塑、灰塑熔于一炉，成为南国古建筑的一支奇葩，为世人所称道，有“可代天工”之誉。岭南古建筑脊饰的发展也有其深远的历史渊源，包括影响脊饰内容的文化因素、生活方式与风俗、文化圈特征和地理经济因素等。

Abstract:

Lingnan refers to the area south of the Five Ridges, including Guangdong and Guangxi. Lingnan in broad sense also includes Minnan and Taiwan island, roughly the same as south China. From the perspective of traditional architecture, there are two systems in lingnan, namely, the Yuejiang valley system and the Minnan system, among which Chaoshan area in eastern Guangdong and Taiwan are greatly influenced by minnan, both belonging to the Minnan system. Although the two systems have their differences, they belong to the same cultural circle in ancient times, are influenced by the Marine culture, and have their common characteristics. Compared with northern traditional architecture, the first is the great difference of ridge decoration. Lingnan traditional architecture one of the most prominent is ridge decorations, its adornment theme and style, showing obvious local characteristics:wild uninhibited, rich content, elaborately carved, ornate decoration, bright colors,Make brick carving, stone carving, inlaid porcelain and pottery, gray plastic melting in a furnace, become a wonderful work of traditional architecture in the south, praised by the world, has the reputation of "superlative craftsmanship". The development of ridge decoration in lingnan traditional architecture also has its profound historical origin. It includes the cultural factors, lifestyle and customs, cultural circle characteristics and geographical and economic factors that affect the content of ridge ornaments.