清代样券坑方法的研究及收获

Inverted Forms for Making Qing-Style Stone Arches

摘要:

对于皇家陵寝工程而言，地下建筑的营建无疑是重中之重。以已经发掘且最具代表性的裕陵地宫为例，通过细致勘察各券顶“龙门券”的弹墨痕迹以及券石错位安装情况，结合《销算黄册》等宫廷档案，推算作图，得出地宫券石采用样券坑预制的重要结论，不仅在陵寝建筑研究中取得突破，也填补了清代官式石作研究的一大空白。本文不局限于学术成果的推进，还在于对与之相关的研究方法的揭示，即借助工程籍本中对营建工程设计、施工、工料核算等方面的全方位记录，经过数据推演，发现各结构做法之间的逻辑关系，以推算作图的方式解读建筑形制、结构构造以及特有名词，实现“以算求样”的方法创新。

Abstract:

For the royal mausoleum, the construction of underground buildings is undoubtedly the most important. This paper takes the most representative yuling underground palace as an example, through the detailed investigation of the installation of "Longmen arch", combined with the royal archives, calculated , and reached an important conclusion that the underground palace arch stones using prefabrication form, not only made a breakthrough in the study of mausoleum buildings, but also filled a big gap in the research of Qing dynasty official masonry.