“辨方正位”研究（一）

On Orientation and Location of Old Capitals

摘要:

“主座朝南，左右对称，强调中轴线”，这是中国古代建筑平面构图的基本原则。其中，朝向为中国所处的地理环境所决定，主次排列次序是为儒家、道家的思想所左右的结果。测定一条准确的南北或东西方向线以作为建筑平面布局依据的参考，成为营建宫室乃至城市规划的首要任务之一。我国古代劳动人民在早期的建筑实践中，确定了以方向、方位作为建筑平面定位的依据，并由此总结出了一套完整的技术和方法，具体步骤为正位、辨方和定平。

Abstract:

"The main seat faces south, is symmetrical and emphasizes the central axis", which is the basic principle of plane composition in traditional Chinese architecture. Among them, orientation is determined by China's geographical environment, and the order of priority is reflected by Confucianism and Taoism. Therefore, determining an accurate direction line has one of the primary tasks for palace construction and even city planning.