明清时期的民间木构建筑技术

Technique of Wood-Frame Construction of Non-official Building Up in Ming and Qing Period

摘要:

传统的木建筑构架，基本上是矩形构架系统，其刚度完全依靠榫卯紧密的结合。民间木构建筑为加固构架的刚度，采用了一些方法如：增加阁楼。增加柱间穿插，增多檩条，相对缩小檩距。加强围护结构的刚度。尽可能增加斜撑和加固节点的构件。同时民间建筑抛弃了官式建筑中许多不合理的用材和构造。常见的几种木构架类型：三角形构架、硬山搁檩、平顶、抬梁式构架、穿逗式构架等。明清时期，还留下了若干成套的建筑经验，或某一工种的定型做法的歌诀和著作。

Abstract:

The traditional wooden building frame is basically a rectangular frame system, whose stiffness completely depends on the close combination of mortise and tenon. Common types of wood frame: triangular frame, flush gable roof, flat roof, beam-type frame, cross-type frame, etc. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were still some complete sets of architectural experience, or some formula and literature of a certain construction method.