乾隆时期的建筑活动与成就

Architectural activities and achievements in Qianlong Period

摘要:

乾隆时期的古建筑，现今保存完好的数量较多，主要集中在北京、承德、盘山、沈阳等我国北方地区。乾隆皇帝对宫殿坛宇、名胜古迹作过许多考证，留下了大量对建筑和园林艺术有着独特见解的诗文。乾隆时期的建筑将各民族建筑手法融合，皇家园林大量吸取了江南造园手法，使得造园水平有了明显的提高。西欧建筑的传入，不论从形式到内容，从整体到局部，对丰富中国建筑和园林艺术都起到了积极作用。乾隆时期兴建的建筑已从总体规划出发，在群体建筑布局的基础上设计个体建筑，因此从整体到局部、由大到小和谐而统一。乾隆时期的建筑活动，形成了这一特定时期的建筑风格。但是该阶段由于追求华丽、崇尚新奇，过分加工润色，使得建筑有了追求华而不实的倾向。

Abstract:

There are many well-preserved traditional architectural of the Qianlong period in Beijing, Chengde, Panshan, Shenyang and other northern China. The architecture of the Qianlong period integrated the architectural techniques of various nationalities, and the imperial gardens absorbed the techniques of jiangnan gardening, which significantly improved the level of gardening. The architectural activities of Qianlong period formed the architectural style of this particular period. But the style of architecture in this period began to become showy rather than practical.