一林北苑失山皴——莱园假山的倒塌及其历史教训

Beiyuan Lost Hill texturing -- the collapse of Laiyuan rockery and its historical lessons

摘要:

许缵曾于康熙十一、二年，建造了莱园。莱园内假山在十年后倒塌。莱园后为同里张维煦购去，改名塔射园。当地口碑相传，塔射园为张南垣所造。张南垣“尽变前人成法”，极力反对“小中见大”，竖向构图的全石假山。莱园假山倒塌，证明了这种说法的正确。莱园假山的原因主要有三个（1）地基处理不好。（2）山体结构不合理。（3）山顶种树太高、太大、太多，树根下扎旁伸等。

Abstract:

Xu Zuan built Lai garden from the 11th to 12th year of kangxi. The rockery in Lai garden collapsed ten years later, and then, Lai garden was bought by Zhang Weixu, renamed Ta She garden. There are three main reasons for Lai Garden rockery collapse: (1) foundation treatment is not good. (2) Unreasonable rockery structure. (3) Trees on the top of the rockery are too high, too big and too many, and the roots affect the geology stability, etc.