承德避暑山庄古园林建筑群体概况

General situation of Ancient Garden Architecture Group of Chengde Summer Resort

摘要:

承德避暑山庄是我国现存规模最大、最富有特色的古代皇家园林，也是我国北方难得的自然风景区。它始建于清朝康熙四十二年，至乾隆五十五年建成，占地面积为五百六十四公顷，有近二十华里蜿蜒曲折的宫墙和一百一十九组建筑。其环境广阔，因境成景和山林野趣构成了承德避暑山庄园林建筑的基本特征。建筑选址和布局巧妙，造型活泼玲珑，体量及尺度适宜，色彩朴素淡雅，它兼有“宫”、“苑”的双重功能，是离宫型的园林。本文按照建筑特点及不同功能，将主要古建筑群体区分建筑名称、建筑年代、建筑位置、建筑形式、主要建筑物进行必要的说明和介绍。

Abstract:

Chengde Summer Resort is the largest extant ancient imperial garden in China. It was built in the 42nd year of The Reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and completed in the 55th year of the Reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. It covers an area of 564 hectares, with nearly 20 li of palace walls and 119 groups of buildings. The site selection and layout of the building are clever, the size and scale are appropriate, and the color is simple and elegant, which is a palace garden. This article explains and introduces the name, age, location, form and other aspects of the main buildings in the Summer Resort.