明清建筑翼角的构造、制作与安装

Construction, fabrication and installation of architectural Wing angle（Roof corner） in Ming and Qing Dynasties

摘要:

翼角是古代工匠在长期建筑实践中为解决四坡顶屋面檐口转角问题而设计的特殊构造形式。古建筑翼角部分的构成有一定的规律性。翼角是古建筑屋檐转角部分的总称，它是由老角梁、仔角梁、翼角椽、翘飞椽以及联系翼角和翘飞椽头的大小连檐，钉附在翼角椽和翘飞椽上面的檐头望板和垫起翼角椽的衬头木等附属构件组成的。聪明智慧的古代工匠在长期实践中摸索出了一套制作和安装翼角的专门技术，形成了一套传统的规矩和做法。本文分别就角梁、翼角椽和翘飞椽三部分，对清式建筑翼角的构造方式及制作安装技术进行阐述。

Abstract:

Wing Angle is a special structural form designed by ancient craftsmen to solve the problem of corner of cornice on the hip proof in long-term practice. The composition of the roof corners of traditional architecture has a certain regularity. Wing Angle is the generic terms of traditional architecture eaves corner part, it is by old angle beam, son angle beam, wing Angle rafters, warping flying rafters and the large and small eaves that connect the wing angles to the warping flying rafter heads and other accessory composition. The wise ancient craftsmen explored a set of special techniques for making and installing wing angles in long-term practice, forming a set of traditional rules and practices. In this paper, the construction mode and fabrication and installation technology of wing Angle of qing architecture are described respectively in three parts: corner beam, wing Angle rafter and warping flying rafter.